Hazrat Fatima – The Beloved Daughter of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)
Introduction
Among the noble household of the Prophet صلَّی اللہ علیہ واٰلہٖ وسلَّم, the youngest and most beloved daughter was Hazrat Fatima tul Zahra رضی اللہ عنہا.She was a cherished princess whose love for her father reflected a bond beyond ordinary affection. Growing up I always felt her story gave me a personal sense of comfort, especially when learning about her strength in faith.
The great Imam Abdur Rahman Ibn Al-jawzi رَحْمَۃُ اللہِ عَلَیْہِ narrates that she was born exactly five years before the declaration of Prophethood.Thinking about this moment in history, I realized how her life was tied to the very beginning of Islam.It reminds me that greatness often emerges alongside trials and sacred missions.
Birth and Early Life of Hazrat Fatima
Hazrat Fatima (RA) was born in Makkah, about five years before the Prophethood. Her early years were marked by spiritual guidance from her mother, Hazrat Khadija (RA), and nurturing by her father, Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). Despite hardships, she displayed early devotion, purity, and strong faith.
Birth and Childhood of Hazrat Fatima
According to Shia scholars,Lady Fatima (RA) was born in the 5th year after Bi’tha, during the al-Ahqafiyya Year, when Quran 46 was revealed (8 BH / 615 CE).
Some sources, like al-Shaykh al-Mufid and al-Kaf’ami, mention 11 BH / 612 CE, while Sunni records state 605 CE. Jumada II 20 is often noted in Shia resources.
Her early life is not well-documented, yet she witnessed the Prophet (PBUH) inviting people to Islam and facing harsh treatment from polytheists.
Alongside Banu Hashim followers, she faced financial and social sanctions from Shi’b Abi Talib, but remained steadfast and patient.
After losing her mother, Lady Khadijah (RA), and her father’s uncle, Abu Talib, she experienced deep grief. She also witnessed the Quraysh’s plot to assassinate the Prophet (PBUH) and his night migration from Mecca to Medina, eventually joining the migration with Imam Ali (RA) and other women.
Khadijah’s Noble Influence on Hazrat Fatima
Hazrat Khadija (RA) nurtured Fatimatuz Zahra (RA) with love and guidance, raising her as a devoted servant of Allah.From a young age, she practiced fasting, spent nights in prayer, and showed unwavering devotion to the Almighty.
Her deep reverence mirrored the virtues of the Prophet (PBUH), and her habits were especially beloved to him. This devotion earned her the blessed title of Batool, highlighting her purity and spiritual excellence.
Witnessing her mother’s guidance, Fatima (RA) developed strong moral and spiritual character. It is a clear example of how parental care and early spiritual education can shape a child’s faith and virtues.
Spiritual Environment of Hazrat Fatima’s Childhood
Hazrat Khadija (RA) provided the blessings that shaped the Prophet (PBUH)’s household, giving Fatima tul Zahra (RA) a life of elevated character.She was nursed by her mother and brought up by her father (PBUH) at home, learning the importance of faith and devotion.
Her early youth in Makkah reflected good manners and a chaste, modest environment under the care of her parents.
Despite facing difficulties and complications from an early age, she remained strong and stood by her father as a pillar of strength. Growing up this way shows how a nurturing environment and supportive parents can instilling lifelong resilience, faith, and moral character.
Siblings of Hazrat Fatima (RA)
Fatimatuz Zahra (RA) had three sisters: Zainab, Umm Kulthum, and Ruqayyah, who shared her childhood and helped create a loving family environment. Growing up with her sisters, she learned responsibility, care, and compassion among her siblings and close relatives.
She also had three brothers: Qasim, Abdullah, and Ibrahim, who unfortunately died in childhood. Despite these losses, her strong faith and bond with her siblings helped her Fatimatuz Zahra (RA) navigate challenges, keeping the family united and preserving the spiritual values of her lineage.
Connection of Hazrat Fatima with Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)
Love between Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and Hazrat Fatima (RA)
Hazrat Muhammad SAW was very affectionate and always happy when he met Hazrat Fatima RA. When the Holy Prophet would travel, the last person he saw was her, and upon returning, the first person he met was also Hazrat Fatima RA. He once said she is a part of him, and whatever upsets or harms her harms him as well (Muslim).
Hazrat Ayesha RA narrated that no one resembles the Prophet SAW more in words, speech, or manner of sitting than Hazrat Fatima RA. The Holy Prophet SAW would kiss her when she came, and she reciprocated with love and respect. This beautiful bond is recorded in Al-Adab Al-Mufrad 947, showing their deep spiritual and emotional connection.
Significance and Devotion of Hazrat Fatima
The blessed Lady Khadija-tul-Kubra (RA) and the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) showered natural love, care, and devotion on their beloved child, Fatima (RA), who was extremely fond of her parents.
The Princess of the House of the Prophet displayed intelligence, accomplishments, and cheerfulness, earning the title Our Lady of Light and the name Al-Zahra, whose radiance shone even in the heavens.
She became the wife of Hazrat Ali (RA) and is honored as the Mother of Imams. Hazrat Fatimatuz Zahra (RA) held many titles, including Zahra, Batool, Umm al-Hasan wal-Husayn, Umm-e-Abeeha, “the fabulous one,” and Sayyidat Nisa’ al-Alamin, highlighting her remarkable character and leadership among women of the world.
Marriage and Family Life of Hazrat Fatima
Proposal and Marriage of Hazrat Fatima to Imam Ali (RA)
Lady Fatima (RA) received several marriage proposals but wisely chose Imam Ali (RA). After the Prophet (PBUH) migrated to Medina, she was highly respected for her virtues and the love her father showed her. Even Quraysh dignitaries sought her hand due to her family’s status and reputation.
Among the suitors were Abu Bakr, Umar, Abd al-Rahman b. ‘Awf, and Imam Ali (RA), but all were rejected except Imam Ali (RA). The Prophet (PBUH) said the marriage was divinely ordained.
Imam Ali (RA), despite financial difficulties, paid the dowry by selling or loaning his armour. The marriage ceremony took place in the mosque in the second year after Hijra (2/624), after the Battle of Badr, in Shawwal or Dhu al-Hijja (March or May 624).
Life of Hazrat Fatima with Imam Ali (RA)
Children of Hazrat Fatima (RA)
Fatima and Ali were blessed with four children, including al-Hasan, al-Husayn, Zaynab, and Umm Kulthum, according to both Shi’i and Sunni sources. Their family life was marked by love, care, and the teachings of the Prophet, s, guiding their upbringing.
Tragically, another son named al-Muhsin or Muhassan was miscarried due to the injuries sustained by Fatima during the critical events following the demise of the Prophet, s. This name is recorded in Arabic traditions, showing the challenges and devotion surrounding the household of Fatima
Role of Hazrat Fatima as a Mother
Fatima (RA) showed exceptional care in raising her children, showering them with love and affection inspired by her father.She actively played with them and attended to their needs, following a nurturing approach similar to the Prophet (PBUH). Alongside Imam Ali (RA), she guided her grandchildren with patience and wisdom, strengthening family bonds through love and involvement.
Family Lessons from the Life of Hazrat Fatima
Fatimah bint Muhammad (RA) actively engaged in play with her children, understanding the importance of their holistic development of body and soul. These playful activities fostered physical well-being and instilled qualities of greatness and bravery.
Her remarkable characteristic was to set aside personal pains and concerns, spending quality time addressing her children’s diverse needs. She followed a method of child-training rooted in Divine teachings.
By studying and adopting her approach, one could ensure success and well-being of children in this world and the Hereafter. Her methods nurtured brave and virtuous figures, combining emotional care with logical guidance to create exceptional character.
Struggles and Challenges of Hazrat Fatima
Fatima (RA) faced hardships from early childhood, including social pressure, financial difficulties, and personal losses. After the Prophet’s passing, she confronted disputes over Fadak and defended her household, showing courage, steadfastness, and adherence to truth.
Personal Struggles in the Life of Hazrat Fatima
Hazrat Fatima, RA, faced many difficulties and complications from an early age, enduring severe troubles that tested her patience. During the siege in Abu Talib valley, she had to stay hungry and thirsty, yet never wavered in her faith.
She was a strong lady who always stood by her father, serving as a pillar of strength and showing unwavering courage throughout these hardships. Her resilience became a guiding example of steadfastness and devotion for all who observed her life.
Hazrat Fatima after the Demise of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)
Fatima (RA) deeply mourned the passing of the Prophet (PBUH), visiting his gravesite, placing dust on her eyes, and weeping while composing heartfelt poetry. Her sorrow was immense, and she felt life held no joy after his departure.
She feared her own life would prolong, expressing grief openly while Imam Ali (RA) and others witnessed her deep devotion. Her mourning reflected both her love and the spiritual bond she shared with the Prophet (PBUH).
Historical records by Ibn al-Jawzi, Abul-Faraj, and al-Taymi al-Bakri note her grief and devotion, highlighting the emotional impact of losing the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) and her unwavering loyalty to him.
The Property of Fadak and Hazrat Fatima
The Prophet, ص, taught Fatima, ع with divine knowledge and special intellectual brilliance, helping her realize the true meaning of faith, piety, and the reality of Islam. From the beginning of her life, she witnessed sorrow and a life of anguish, seeing her revered father being mistreated by unbelievers.
Later, Fatima, ع herself fell victim to abuse by some Muslims, including disputes over Fadak, which is explained in its proper place in the Glossary. These experiences shaped her understanding of justice, rights, and the importance of standing firm in faith and truth.
Attack on the House of Hazrat Fatima and Defense of Imam Ali (RA)
Fatima (RA) bravely confronted the supporters of the caliphate when they attacked the house of Imam Ali (RA). She stood firm to protect her husband, preventing them from forcing him to pledge allegiance to Abu Bakr. Some opponents were ordered to disperse, but those who resisted faced resistance.
Later, Umar and his group demanded that Ali (RA) and the Banu Hashim leave the house, threatening to set it on fire. Fatima (RA) warned she would complain to Allah (SWT) if they proceeded with violence.
Despite her courage, the attackers injured her, causing the miscarriage of her child, Al-Muhsin. Reports mention that she was pressed against the wall, breaking a rib and leaving her ill and bedridden, yet she remained steadfast in defending her family.
Political Stances and Positions of Hazrat Fatima
Fatima (RA) actively participated in social and political matters after the migration to Medina. She supported the Prophet (PBUH) in battles like Uhud and Khandaq, and accompanied him during the Conquest of Mecca, showing her dedication even before his passing.
Her political role became more pronounced after the Prophet’s demise. She opposed the Saqifa council and the selection of Abu Bakr as caliph, asserting the rightful position of Imam Ali (RA).
Fatima (RA) approached the heads of Emigrants and Helpers to confirm Ali’s (RA) merit for the caliphate, defended her property, Fadak, and delivered the al-Fadakiyya sermon. Her speeches and actions highlighted her opposition to the usurpation of leadership and her steadfast commitment to justice.
Worship and Spiritual Qualities of Hazrat Fatima
Fatima (RA) exemplified devotion, humility, and service. She recited the Quran, engaged in prayer, and personally assisted the poor. Her life reflected a perfect blend of spiritual commitment and practical service, inspiring generations to value faith and compassion.
Tasbeeh e Zahra – The Legacy of Hazrat Fatima
Fatimatuz Zahra (RA) inherited patience and contentment from her father’s teachings. Despite having many servants, she preferred to do her own work, excelling in her duties while staying deeply engaged in the remembrance of Allah. She spent her time reciting the Quran, working, and filling her tongue with praises and prayers.
Even when her hands were blistered from grinding the mill and her clothes were dusty, she remained steadfast. Once, she asked the Prophet (PBUH) for a servant to help with chores, but he advised a better practice: before sleeping, recite Subhan Allah 33 times, Alhamdulillah 33 times, and Allahu Akbar 34 times.
Spiritual and Intellectual Depth of Hazrat Fatima
Zohra Fatima (RA) exemplified unparalleled virtue and perfection, distinguishing herself among women with noble qualities mirrored from her father, Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). In faith, worship, chastity, purity, charity, and kindness, she set an exemplary standard. Her generosity and compassion were evident as she tirelessly assisted the poor and needy.
She personally milled wheat and barley for those in need and carried water to weaker neighbors who could not fetch it themselves. Her life showed a perfect blend of spiritual commitment and practical intellectual depth.
Even ordinary tasks were performed with excellence, reflecting her profound virtue, devotion, and dedication to serving others.
Generosity and Kindness of Hazrat Fatima
Fatima, displayed remarkable ethical traits while living with Imam Ali, a. Even when their financial situation was stable, she led a simple life and always chose to give in charity. She once gave her wedding dress on the night of her wedding to a person in need and shared her necklace with a poor person.
She and her wife and two sons would sometimes gave food away for three consecutive days, helping pauper, orphan, and captive alike. This selfless act is mentioned in Islamic literature and honored in Qur’an 76, the Al-It’am Verse, verses 5-9, which were revealed in their honour.
Death and Legacy of Hazrat Fatima
Fatima (RA) passed away six months after the Prophet (PBUH), on 3rd Jumada II, 11 Hijri. She was buried discreetly at night in Jannatul Baqii. Her legacy teaches resilience, faith, charity, and leadership. She remains a revered example of virtue, devotion, and maternal care for generations of Muslims.
Events Towards the End of Hazrat Fatima’s Life
Fatima al-Zahra (RA) faced severe and painful events during the last months of her life, never smiling after the passing of her father, Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). The Saqifa incident and the usurpation of the caliphate marked these difficult times. She firmly stood by Imam Ali (RA), opposing the council and Abu Bakr’s selection as caliph.
Her house was attacked by supporters of the caliph. She was severely injured, which tragically led to the miscarriage of her child. Despite these hardships, she remained steadfast in defending her family and their rights.
On her deathbed, Fatima (RA) requested that those who opposed her be excluded from her funeral prayer. She also asked to be buried at night to maintain privacy. She passed away on the 3rd of Jumada II, 11 AH (August 29, 632) in Medina.
The Death of Hazrat Fatima (RA)
After the Messenger of Allah, Prophet Muhammad صلَّی اللہ علیہ واٰلہٖ وسلَّم left this world, Fatima Zohra رضی اللہ عنہا was filled with grief and sorrow. Only six months after the passing away of the Holy Prophet صلَّی اللہ علیہ واٰلہٖ وسلَّم, Fatimatuz Zahra رضی اللہ عنہا succumbed to her sorrows and left this temporary world on the 3rd of Ramadan, 11 Hijri.
According to narration, the first Caliph of Islam, Commander of the Faithful Hazrat Abu Bakr رضی اللہ عنہ, led her funeral prayer. Bibi Fatima’s grave is in Al-Baqi cemetery, Madina. Due to her modesty, she preferred her funeral to be covered so that no man could see it, and her wish was fulfilled with bushes.
Place of the Grave of Hazrat Fatima in Jannatul Baqii
Visiting Jannatul Baqii is deeply moving, where the graves of Hazrat Fatima (RA), Ibrahim, Imam Hasan, ‘Ali Ibnul Husayn, Zainul Abedeen, Muhammad Baqir, and Ja’far Sadiq lie, marked by a marble slab honoring God’s mercy.
In 1932, the site was destroyed by Wahabis, leaving rubble, stones, and tombstones. Later, in 1995, authorities built a platform and wall for visitors to view the sacred area respectfully.
During Fajr prayers, people can approach for two hours but only see the outlines of Hazrat Fatima Bint Asad and the Holy Ma’sumeen, all without tombstones, preserving their modesty and sanctity.